Research on Precision Reducer Industry: The Core Component of Robots

Precision reducer - the core component with the highest cost proportion in robots

Decelerators can be divided into universal reducers, precision reducers, and specialized reducers. The function of a reducer is to transfer the power of high-speed operation by meshing the gear with fewer teeth on the input shaft with the gear with more teeth on the output shaft, thereby achieving the goal of changing the output speed, torque, and load capacity. Reducer can be divided into three categories according to its purpose:

① Universal reducers (general transmission reducers) have lower control accuracy and can meet the basic power transmission needs of mechanical equipment;

② Specialized reducers are mainly used in specific industries such as automobiles, construction machinery, aerospace, etc;

③ Precision reducers have small backlash, high precision, and are more reliable and stable, making them more suitable for high-end fields such as robots and CNC machine tools.

Precision planetary reducer: low cost, high transmission efficiency, strong load-bearing capacity, but large weight and volume, small single-stage reduction ratio

The precision planetary reducer is mainly composed of a sun gear, planetary gears, and an internal gear ring, and its reduction transmission principle is the gear reduction principle. By inputting the rotational speed through the sun gear and meshing with the planetary gear, the planetary gear rotates while revolving around the central wheel, and finally the rotational speed and torque are transmitted to the output shaft by the planetary carrier. Precision planetary reducers achieve superior performance compared to ordinary planetary reducers through precision weight structure and strict control of component manufacturing and assembly processes. They are typically used in industrial robot joints in conjunction with stepper motors or servo motors.

RV reducers have a series of advantages such as compact structure, small volume and light weight, large reduction ratio, strong load-bearing capacity, long service life, and stable accuracy.

Compact structure, small size and light weight. The combination of planetary transmission structure and compact W-output mechanism makes the entire cycloidal pinwheel reduction device very compact, resulting in a small volume and light weight.

(2) Large reduction ratio range and high transmission efficiency. The RV reducer is a two-stage transmission, and the reduction ratio of the cycloidal pinwheel transmission depends on the number of teeth of the cycloidal pinwheel. The more teeth there are, the greater the reduction ratio. Therefore, the reduction is higher than that of traditional planetary reducers and cycloidal pinwheel reducers, and the transmission efficiency can reach 85% to 92%.

(3) Strong load-bearing capacity and smooth transmission. The cycloidal gear is symmetrically distributed at a 180 ° phase angle, ensuring even force distribution on the cycloidal gear; At the same time, there are more meshing teeth, which increases the transmission smoothness and load-bearing capacity of the reducer. In addition, the output structure supported by both ends has greater rigidity and higher resistance to overload impact than ordinary cycloidal reducers.

(4) With proper design and strict manufacturing processes, high transmission accuracy can be achieved.

Disadvantages of RV reducer:

The structure is complex, and the manufacturing process and cost control are difficult.

(2) The investment in production line is relatively higher compared to other types of precision reducers.

(3) The volume and weight are relatively large compared to harmonic reducers.